The Diagnostic Science Laboratories carry out analytical investigative work on samples obtained from cultural heritage artefacts and architectural monuments, as well as their deterioration products. In addition, the laboratories also provide analytical services to third parties, including also the University of Malta.

The Section comprises three laboratories: a general chemistry laboratory, a biology laboratory and a general students' practical laboratory. There are also three instrument rooms dedicated to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for observation of samples at high magnifications and elemental analysis; X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) for crystalline characterization; Ion Chromatography (IC) for salt analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR) for the identification of organic and inorganic materials.

Some major projects this section has successfully completed include: a study of the polychromy on the limestone of the façade of the Church of St. Catherine in Valletta and the technical study of the wall paintings in the Main Hall of Verdala Palace in Buskett, which is the summer residence of the President of the Republic of Malta. Recent topics of research include the study of biodeterioration in hypogean environments and new protection systems for steel artefacts.